Similar to 普遍例化

Existential generalization

Existential instantiation

Universal generalization

1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + ⋯

1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 + ⋯

1/2 − 1/4 + 1/8 − 1/16 + ⋯

1/4 + 1/16 + 1/64 + 1/256 + ⋯

Hundredth

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Predicate logic

First-order logic

Domain of discourse

Atomic formula

Higher-order logic

Free variables and bound variables

Alonzo Church

Second-order logic