In the midst of the dollar falling hard against the Yen and other major Eastern currencies the Chinese Yuan, with China effectively taking a 'dollar peg' policy, has become cheap.
彼の提案は実質上命令であった。
His suggestion was, effectively, an order.
日本は昨年5%の実質GNP成長を達成した。
Japan achieved a real GNP growth of 5% last year.
日本の実質GNP成長率は5%だった。
Japan's inflation-adjusted GNP growth rate was 5%.
実質成長と名目成長率の差は物価上昇を意味する。
Price increases explain the difference between the real and nominal growth rates.
実質上、我々が関わるすべての活動において、学習が行われるのだろう。
Learning probably takes place in virtually every activity in which we take part.
私たちの提案は実質にほとんど同じだった。
Our suggestions were, in effect, almost the same.
昨年の所得の実質成長は5%だった。
Last year's growth of income was 5% after inflation.
Meanwhile, one national newspaper put out a headline in its evening edition, which read Japan and the U.S. came to a substantial agreement. This surprised many people including the government officials.