Kks74 has はっきり explained it already, but I typed this before noticing I hadn't refreshed the page, so I'll post it anyway.
間違いない is more like "not wrong, not mistaken". It's more to do with correctness and probability -- saying you are certain that you are not wrong. 間違い "error, mistake" (noun) from the verb 間違う "to be incorrect, to be mistaken".
はっきり means "clearly", "distinctly". This is more to do with there being no ambiguity, no vagueness, not messy, easy to interpret, plainly evident, crystal clear. I don't think this is the origin of the word, but think of 晴れ (はれ) "clear weather" + ~きり adverbial word ending.
However, for that question you encountered, I agree that either word could be used in situations giving that kind of meaning. Unlucky.
I think はっきり has a very strong meaning of "clearly" though, so I would be very cautious about clicking that answer if "clear" wasn't listed somewhere in the question, but this might just be how I think from using JCJP for so long. And as you said, はっきり is an adverb, so "certain" rather than "certainly" might be another hint that this might not be the answer it's expecting. ^^
July 3, 2015 at 9:18pm