Compounds of

• Ｍ
  (n) (1) (abbr) letter 'M'
  (2) Mega
  (3) (col) masochist
  masochistic
• Ｓ
  (n) (1) (abbr) letter "S" (abbr. for sister, south, steam, etc.)
  (2) (abbr) sadistic
  sadist
• あ
  (int) (1) Ah! (expression of surprise, recollection, etc.)
  Oh!
  (2) Hey! (to get someone's attention)
• い
  (prt) (fam) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
• え
  (int) (1) eh? (surprise)
  (2) eh (agreement)
  (prt) (3) (arch) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
  (4) (after a noun) used when calling out to someone
• お
  (int) oh! (expression of slight surprise)
• か
  (prt) (1) indicates question (sentence end)
  (2) indicates choice, doubt, etc.
  (P)
• が
  (prt) (1) indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
  (2) indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
  (prt,conj) (3) but
  however
  still
  and
  (P)
• け
  (prt) particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
• げ
  (int) exclamation of surprised disappointment, disgust, or worry (yuck, ick, ack, eeew, crap!, blech, gross)
• さ
  (suf) (1) -ness (nominalizing suffix indicating degree or condition)
  (prt) (2) (sentence end, mainly masc.) indicates assertion
  (int) (3) come
  come now
  (P)
• し
  (n) (obsc) 10^24 (kanji is JIS X 0212 kuten 4906)
  septillion (American)
  (obs) quadrillion (British)
• し
  (prt,conj) (at the end of a phrase) notes one (of several) reasons
  (P)
• ぜ
  (prt) (sentence end, mainly masc.) adds force
  indicates command
  (P)
• ぞ
  (prt) (sentence end, mainly masc.) adds force
  indicates command
  (P)
• だ
  (aux) plain copula
  (P)
• つ
  (prt) (arch) indicates possessive (often found in place names and compound words)
• て
  (prt) casual quoting particle
  (P)
• で
  (prt) (1) indicates location of action
  at
  in
  (2) indicates time of action
  (3) indicates means of action
  cause of effect
  by
  (conj) (4) and then
  so
  (P)
• と
  (prt,conj) (1) if
  when
  (2) and
  (3) with
  (4) particle used for quoting (with speech, thoughts, etc.)
  (n) (5) (abbr) promoted pawn (shogi)
  (P)
• ど
  (pref) (1) (ksb:) precisely
  exactly
  plumb
  totally
  very
  (2) derogatory prefix used before nouns & adjectives
• な
  (prt) (1) (sentence end, mainly masc.) indicates emotion or emphasis
  (2) (abbr) (used with masu stem verb) command
  (3) (used with dictionary form verb) prohibition
  (P)
• に
  (prt) indicates such things as location of person or thing, location of short-term action, etc.
  (P)
• ぬ
  (aux-v,suf) (1) (after the -nai stem of a verb) not (verb-negating suffix)
  (2) (arch) indicates completion
• ね
  (prt) (1) (sentence end) indicates emphasis, agreement, request for confirmation, etc.
  is it so
  (int) (2) hey
  come on
  (P)
• の
  (prt) indicates possessive among other uses (for full details and examples see the main entry (linked))
• は
  (int) (1) yes
  indeed
  well
  (2) ha!
  (3) what?
  huh?
  (4) sigh
• は
  (prt) (1) topic marker particle
  (2) indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  (3) adds emphasis
  (P)
• ば
  (prt) indicates supposition
  if ... then
  (P)
• へ
  (prt) indicates direction or goal (e.g. "to")
  (P)